Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles, published in 1950, the Martians were wiped out by disease. Earth sent expeditions to Mars, beginning in 1999, with the first three greeted by Mars’ inhabitants, and the crews were killed. Martians believed that nothing good would come from extended human interactions and were hostile from the first expedition. Earth had no idea what happened to each mission, but they continued to send more. The fourth expedition was successful, but there were no Martians anymore. They had contracted chickenpox from the previous missions, and the disease spread quickly through their population, sparing no one. By the end of the book, new Martians emerge.